Three-Factor Model and Pyramid Model of Leisure Constraints
Jeongsun Kimmm
There have been constraint studies in the academic areas of leisure, recreation, and travel; and the hierarchical model of leisure constraints (Crawford et al 1991) has been tested frequently. However, the issues of invalidity of this model in hierarchical flow of constraints and in universal application have been raised. Therefore, the three-factor model of leisure activity participation constraints and the pyramid model of leisure activity participation constraints were developed to supplement the almost 20-year old model. Through the classroom survey at universities in the Republic of Korea, it turns out that 1) the structural, intrapersonal, and interpersonal constraints play a constraint role in leisure activity participation separately or together, and 2) structural constraints are most serious followed by intrapersonal and then interpersonal constraints.
